Migraine headaches are a type of primary headache characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe pain, often accompanied by other symptoms. Here’s a breakdown:

Symptoms
1. Head Pain: Typically unilateral (affecting one side) and throbbing or pulsating in nature.
2. Duration: Lasts from 4 to 72 hours if untreated.
3. Associated Symptoms:
– Nausea or vomiting
– Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
– Sensitivity to sound (phonophobia)
– Aura: Some people experience visual disturbances or other sensory changes before the headache begins.

Triggers
Common triggers can include:
– Stress
– Certain foods and drinks (like aged cheese, alcohol, caffeine)
– Sleep disturbances
– Weather changes
– Bright or flickering lights

Types
1. Migraine without Aura: The most common type, where symptoms occur without any warning signs.
2. Migraine with Aura: Involves neurological symptoms that precede or accompany the headache.

Treatment
– Acute Treatment: Over-the-counter pain relievers (like ibuprofen), prescription medications (like triptans), and anti-nausea drugs.
– Preventive Treatment: Medications such as beta-blockers, antidepressants, and anti-seizure drugs may be prescribed for frequent migraines.
– Lifestyle Modifications: Identifying and avoiding triggers, maintaining a regular sleep schedule, and stress management techniques.

When to See a Doctor
If migraines are frequent, worsening, or accompanied by unusual symptoms (like confusion or vision loss), it’s important to consult a healthcare professional.

Conclusion
While migraines can be debilitating, many effective treatments and strategies can help manage symptoms and reduce frequency. Keeping a headache diary can also assist in identifying triggers and patterns.